Thursday, December 26, 2019

Essay on Rent Control Pros and Cons - 1270 Words

Rent Control: Pros and Cons Evaluate the pros and cons of rent control and rent stabilization in NYC. Rent control is the government imposition of price ceilings on rent for apartments in certain areas of a city. The goal is usually to protect the rights of the poor. Thus, in a rent controlled or rent stabilized building, the amount of rent will not increase as quickly as inflation. While the moral side of rent control may have some appeal, in the long run the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. Those who argue in favor of rent control say that it is the only way to protect lower-income tenants from landlords who overprice, and from being forced to move out of a neighborhood because they cannot afford the rent. Limiting the price†¦show more content†¦This is because even if rent controls dont include new constructions, owners are afraid to build any new buildings if in a few years those too will be taken over by rent control. Rent control thus leads to less construction and an even greater unsatisfied demand. This, in turn, increases the rents of uncontrolled apartmen ts even more. New constructions are also avoided because banks and insurance companies dont want to invest in areas where rent control is in effect, because they know that it is likely that landlords will not be able to pay for the building, and they will lose their investment. For all of these reasons, I believe that rent control should be abandoned in New York City. The situation we have is of many run-down buildings that are rent controlled, and other areas where rent is so expensive that no one from the middle class can afford to live in them. On top of all this, in New York, many people rent out their rent controlled apartments for a profit Ââ€" a practice which is opposite to the initial spirit of rent control legislation. Without rent control, the housing situation in New York would be more equitable for everyone, and the city would benefit. Critically evaluate the issues in the people versus places controversy. The people versus places controversy is concerned with two basic philosophies of distributing benefits with the goal of improving living standards and local economic development. In basic terms,Show MoreRelatedDescription Of A Business Model915 Words   |  4 PagesThe business plan: 1. Description of the business model Describing chosen business model, articulate the pros and cons of both company-operated and franchise businesses and explain why I ultimately chose one model over the other. Pros and cons of company-operated and franchise businesses: Model Pros Cons Restaurant Franchisee Franchise Restaurants Have Clarity of Concept Invest in someone else’s entrepreneurial vision The Brand is Established Have to strictly follow Brand and Menu Guidelines SupportRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Price Control1467 Words   |  6 PagesPrice controls are a type of government regulation used to establish a maximum price that can be charged for goods and services. Price controls have both advantages and disadvantages for consumers and producers. Price controls prevent money loss on both sides and help find an equilibrium for producers and consumers in the market. There are two different barriers to price controls: price ceilings and price floors. A price ceiling it put in place to regulate how high of a price can be charged for aRead MoreEmployees And Fix Current Hazardous Workspace922 Words   |  4 PagesOptions to Resolve Problem I. Hire additional employees and fix current hazardous workspace. Pros: Hiring additional employees and fixing the current workplace problems are two major aspects of LearnInMotion.com that need to be addressed. Firstly, hiring extra employees will take the strain off of current employees. Anxiety, depression and other mental health problems are prevalent in working populations, and some of those problems are attributable to working conditions† (Weir, 2013). The workloadRead MorePros And Cons On Buying Vs. Renting1184 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction We all experience issues regarding an encumbrance on our property once in our lifetime. It might be when we want to purchase a house, rent it to live in for uncertain time period, sell our property, or rent out to some other party. In all such cases, many issues arise for which many factors can be held responsible, including market value; behavior of buyers, sellers, renters, tenants, landlords; policies of housing associations, environmental hazards, locality, and government legislationsRead MoreNetflix vs. Redbox Industry 897 Words   |  4 Pagesentrants and developments in the market. One of this was the development of a video provision services on line. Netflix utilizes anti-controls regarding monitoring and appraising employees. Instead of giving employees a lot of control, employees are expected to work independently and held responsible for their actions. This culture utilizes less managerial control in the organizational structure, but tests and policies are in place to ensure that employees remain innovative and productive withoutRead MoreUsing Price Ceilings By The Government Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been used for a vast period of time. One of the more popular and well-known versions of a price ceiling is rent control. In theory, rent control keeps the rental prices low and affordable for tenants with all other aspects of the housing remaining the same. In the market, there is more of an impact than just the price. With the price being lower, landlords are willing to rent out a smaller amount of apartments and homes. To them, the lower ability to gain a profit is not worth the maintenanceRead MoreThe Role Of Virtual Teams And Challenges1207 Words   |  5 Pagesvirtual teams and challenges that have to face of people working in different locations and geographies. Moreover, identifying pros and cons of associating with virtual teams and co-located teams or traditional teams. And I will expound how I apply virtual team strategy in managing my product development. Effectiveness of Virtual Teams According to Virtual Teams: Pros, Cons Best Practices (2011), there are many advantages of using virtual team strategy. Indeed, as mentioned in Padmanabhan (N.dRead MoreNetflix: Flex to the Max1010 Words   |  5 PagesNetflix: Flex to the Max Gregory Allan Noah MBA 575: Contemporary Management Dr. Hinkes January 22, 2009 Summary To revolutionize how people rent movies, Reed Hastings founded Netflix. He also is trying to revolutionize how managers work. There are five principles that guide the human resources at Netflix: pay higher-than-average salaries, provide compensation choices, foster talent hunters, let subpar employees go with their dignity intact, and limit rules to improve innovation. ItRead MoreRent Control Of The United States1601 Words   |  7 Pages Philippe Bouchereau Prof. Kaycea Campbell Economics 2 11 May 2016 Rent Control in the United States Rent control is a law that places a price ceiling on the amount of rent a landlord can charge a tenant. People from middle and lower income brackets tend to benefit from rent control, while people from the upper income brackets do not. The whole purpose as to why rent control exists is so that tenants from the lower income groups are not exploited by â€Å"greedy† landlords through government interventionRead MoreThe Emotional Impact Of Losing A Home On Foreclosure1048 Words   |  5 Pageslighten the burden and reignite hope that this too can be overcome. Developing a strategy and learning how to find and control information is the first step to reclaiming a home. Controlling your spending and managing your money will help you be better prepared to own your next home, think of this as a learning experience. There are many options to home ownership, such as a rent to own home, building equity while renting a home. Most options have positives and negatives and weighing your options

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Netflix Invented Hr - 4567 Words

HBR.ORG JANUARY–FEBRUARY 2014 REPRINT R1401E Trust people, not policies. Reward candor. And throw away the standard playbook. by Patty McCord How Netï ¬â€šix Reinvented HR SPOTLIGHT ON TALENT AND PERFORMANCE This document is authorized for use only by Janet Hughes (JAH612@LEHIGH.EDU). Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Please contact customerservice@harvardbusiness.org or 800-988-0886 for additional copies. SPOTLIGHT ON TALENT AND PERFORMANCE Spotlight ARTWORK Freegums, Good Vibrations 2011, acrylic on wood, 8 x 15 This document is authorized for use only by Janet Hughes (JAH612@LEHIGH.EDU). Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Please contact customerservice@harvardbusiness.org or†¦show more content†¦subscriber base grew to nearly 29 million. All that aside, the approach is compelling because it derives from common sense. In this article I’ll go beyond the bullet points to describe five ideas that have defined the way Netflix attracts, retains, and manages talent. But first I’ll share two conversations I had with early employees, both of which helped shape our overall philosophy. The first took place in late 2001. Netflix had been growing quickly: We’d reached about 120 employees and had been planning an IPO. But after the dot-com bubble burst and the 9/11 attacks occurred, things changed. It became clear that we needed to put the IPO on hold and lay off a third of our employees. It was brutal. Then, a bit unexpectedly, DVD players became the hot gi ft that Christmas. By early 2002 our DVD-by-mail subscription business was growing January–February 2014 Harvard Business Review 3 This document is authorized for use only by Janet Hughes (JAH612@LEHIGH.EDU). Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Please contact customerservice@harvardbusiness.org or 800-988-0886 for additional copies. COPYRIGHT  © 2013 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. SPOTLIGHT ON TALENT AND PERFORMANCE like crazy. Suddenly we had far more work to do, with 30% fewer employees. One day I was talking with one of our bestShow MoreRelatedDigital Marketing5015 Words   |  21 Pagescost the business loads of money. I am now going to discuss the characteristics of the Web, its history and what make is such a powerful marketing medium. The history of the Web has blown up in the past 20 years, originally Mr Tim Bernerd-Less, invented the WWW World Wide Web in 1989. The WWW, now known as the Internet has evolved phenomenally since it’s first. It began with Mr. Bernard-Lee who was a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland.  ManyRead MoreDigital Marketing5025 Words   |  21 Pagesthe business loads of money. I am now going to discuss the characteristics of the Web, its history and what make is such a powerful marketing medium. The history of the Web has blown up in the past 20 years, originally Mr Tim Bernerd-Less, invented the WWW World Wide Web in 1989. The WWW, now known as the Internet has evolved phenomenally since it’s first. It began with Mr. Bernard-Lee who was a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland.  ManyRead MoreBuzz Marketing for Movies7055 Words   |  29 Pagesestimated there were TiVos and other DVRs in 6.5 million US households, up from 1.9 million in 2002. That number, the firm claims, will climb to almost 50 million by 2009, representing 41% of all US households. On another front, the popularity of Netflix, an online subscription service boasting 3 million users, prompted both Blockbuster and Wal-Mart to offer similar services whereby people rent DVDs for an unlimited time for a monthly fee. While it s true that DVDs may be a cash cow for studios,Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pa ges Chapter 1 †¢ Managing IT in a Digital World 7 CEO or President Business Unit #1 Business Unit #2 Business Unit #3 VP (IT) Individual VP (IT) Retirement Services VP (IT) Group CIO Corporate Applications Payroll HR Enterprise Architecture Planning and Finance Systems Operations FIGURE 1.2 Typical Example of IS Organization Chart for a Large Company with Multiple Business Units IT Leadership Roles Many organizations today have created an officer-level Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesgeneral. A survey by the Society for Human Resources Management shows some major employer concerns and opportunities resulting from the demographic makeup of the U.S. workforce.3 The aging of the workforce was consistently the most significant concern of HR managers. The loss of skills resulting from the retirement of many baby boomers, increased medical costs due to an aging workforce, and many employees’ needs to care for elderly relatives topped the list of issues. Other issues include developing multilingual

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Rogerian Argument for Marijuana Legalization Essay Example For Students

Rogerian Argument for Marijuana Legalization Essay Rogerian Argument for Marijuana Legalization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cannabis plant has been the topic of much debate throughout the history of this country. Many people dont know that it was not the effect of cannabis that originally spurred its banning. It was actually originally the work of the cotton industry who put big money behind illegalization for the plants mind altering effects. The cotton industry was afraid that hemp, a product of the plant, would soon overpower the strong hold of cotton since it was a more durable textile that required less work, less ground depletion, and could be grown almost anywhere. Since the time when cannabis first became illegal it has been grouped with other narcotics as a counterpart. The truth is cannabis has many benefits to society and other than the effects of smoke inhalation has very few negatives. Those against legalization try to put cannabis in the same light as other more potent drugs like cocaine and heroin. There are many misconceptions about the substance and it is clear it should be looked at separately.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those opposed to the legalization of the cannabis plant in a September 11th 2003 article claim that with legalization of cannabis will come further problems. They say that legalization would lead to greater drug use especially with children as well as from legalized areas. They claim the tobacco and alcohol cause enough problems and there is no reason to add a into the mix. The claim is also made that drugs such as cannabis lead to poverty, crime, and violence. They argue that although the drug war cannot be completely successful it is worth it to slow down drug trade and that truly very few people are brought up on a simple possession charge of cannabis. Finally they make the claim that if cannabis and other drugs were legalized it would prevent court ordered addiction treatment. I understand the basis of all these claims and understand where they come from. Many arguments are made generally about the legalization of all illegal drugs including cannabis and I do agree that drugs other than cannabis should be kept illegal for all the reasons listed above. Where I find fault with the expose is the unfair grouping of cannabis into the article.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First off it is important to understand the effects of cannabis use and its history. When smoking cannabis THC is the leading stimulant released.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Teens & Sex Essays - Interpersonal Relationships, Fertility

Teens & Sex Introduction Research Question: How does sex in the media influence children and adolescents in the United States? How do they react to that? Sex is a very big subject for teens and even children. Being brought up in a world with television and radio, teens and children are exposed to a lot more than they should be at their age. I will be discussing the affect that the media has on teens and children in America and how they react to this. Whether they rebel against it, are afraid of it, or are drawn to it. Today it is very hard to find teens and even children who are virgins. Once while it was popular to be a virgin, now it is not. Children and teens that are virgins are sometimes made fun of, excluded, or even lie about their virginity just to fit in. I believe that the media is partly responsible for this. When a child sees people on the television having sex, they want to go out and do the same thing. They don't understand what it is or how it affects you both mentally, sexually, physically, and most important spiritually. Sex is something that should be saved for marriage, although most people experience it before then. Human Sexuality

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Current Trends in the Global Hospitality Industry

Current Trends in the Global Hospitality Industry Generally, the hospitality industry consists of numerous fields, which most popular are restaurants, transportation and tourism. It is not a secret that the success of the hospitality industry depends on disposable income. Tourism services as well as leisure ones are considered to be the sectors the hospitality industry includes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in the Global Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The professionals from fast moving consumer good companies held the leading positions in the hospitality industry. The companies or the firms the professionals came from were famous for their innovations. That is why the companies’ strategic shift towards franchise can be explained so easy. According to Michael Ottenbacher (2011, p. 1) Hospitality firms develop innovations with specific objectives and goals in mind and have several approaches to measure performance accord ingly. However, no research in hospitality innovation has addressed the question of whether hospitality firms should have different approaches depending on their objectives for the individual innovation projects. The topics of our investigation are considered to be the distinctive features of the hospitality industry and leisure one, the relevance of fast moving consumer good experience to the hospitality industry, the meaning of brand management in the hospitality industry and the required skills for the leading positions people are to hold. As far as the hospitality industry is considered to be people-orientated business, the experience in FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) companies seems to be quite important. On the other hand, taking into account the parallels between the hospitality industry and the FMCG companies, one may point out that it is a dynamic relationship which is recognized to be an important issue for both sectors. There are also some contradictions concerning the importance of the experience in the terms of marketing. Thus, there is an opinion that understanding of different cultures and the work of various international organizations seems to be much more important than branding experience.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the outside the hospitality industry as well as leisure one seems to be a global; however, one is to take into account that there are numerous aspects which influence the industry fragmentation, i.e. various ownership structures as well as the real estate dimension. The hospitality industry which includes hotels can operate with management structure which includes numerous constituents. Thus, a General Manager, middle managers and administration are the most important parts of a hotel management. The innovations they follow are numerous hospitality management studies or various certification program s which impact on the popularity of a hotel. Moreover, there are various innovations which impact on the types of a hotel. Thus, the most widespread hotel types include: upscale luxury, full service, select service, limited service, extended stay, timeshare and destination clubs. According to Flora Gailliard (2011, p.1), ‘Hospitality management involves the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of human and material resources within the lodging, restaurant, travel and tourism, institutional management, recreational management and meeting and convention planning industries.’ While discussing the innovations of the hospitality industry, one is to take into account that the hospitality sector is considered to be much more conservative than the sector of FMCG. Consumer insight, innovation and marketing are all considered to be the burning issues. Thus, according to Spencer Stuart (2006, p.4), ‘a lack of strategic thinking about consumer expectations and beha viors is considered to be one of the biggest gaps.’ Using consumer data is recognized to be another step to understand the needs/requirements of the client.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in the Global Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Developing talent inside is considered to be one more important innovation of the hospitality industry. It is said that the hospitality industry could know more about persons’ development from FMCG studies/investigations. Glenn Withiam (2011, p.1) is of the opinion that One issue for the industry to resolve is its relationship with third-party websites, or online travel agents (OTAs). The OTAs have been instrumental in helping hotels sell distressed inventory, but at the same time, price transparency has presented a challenge for hotels that wish to restore prices to pre-recession levels. References Gailliard, F., 2011. ‘The Hosp itality Industry’,The Black Collegian Onine Web. Ottenbacher, M., 2011. ‘Innovation Management in the Hospitality Industry: Different Strategies for Achieving Success’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism  Research Web. Stuart, S., 2006. ‘Innovation and Brand Management in the Hospitality and Leisure Industry’ Web. Withiam, G., 2011. ‘Cautious Optimism: CHRS Examines Hospitality Industry   Trends’, Cornell University School of Hotel Administration Web.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Barium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Barium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number 56 Symbol Ba Atomic Weight 137.327 Discovery Sir Humphrey Davy 1808 (England) Electron Configuration [Xe] 6s2 Word Origin Greek barys, heavy or dense Isotopes Natural barium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Thirteen radioactive isotopes are known to exist. Properties Barium has a melting point of 725Â °C, a boiling point of 1640Â °C, and a specific gravity of 3.5 (20Â °C), with a valence of 2. Barium is a soft metallic element. In its pure form, it is silvery white. The metal oxidizes readily and should be stored under petroleum or other oxygen-free liquids. Barium decomposes in water or alcohol. Impure barium sulfide phosphoresces following exposure to light. All barium compounds that are soluble in water or acid are poisonous. Uses Barium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes. Its compounds are used in pigments, paints, glassmaking, as weighting compounds, in the manufacture of rubber, in rat poison, and in pyrotechnics. Sources Barium is only found combined with other elements, primarily in barite or heavy spar (sulfate) and witherite (carbonate). The element is prepared by the electrolysis of its chloride. Element Classification Alkaline-earth Metal Density (g/cc) 3.5 Melting Point (K) 1002 Boiling Point (K) 1910 Appearance soft, slightly malleable, silver-white metal Atomic Radius (pm) 222 Atomic Volume (cc/mol) 39.0 Covalent Radius (pm) 198 Ionic Radius 134 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol) 0.192 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) 7.66 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) 142.0 Pauling Negativity Number 0.89 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 502.5 Oxidation States 2 Lattice Structure Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…) 5.020 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Is democracy necessary to bring development Discuss with examples Essay

Is democracy necessary to bring development Discuss with examples - Essay Example The meaning of development has evolved over time and so have the development paradigms and approaches. Development has been defined much more broadly to include the question of the quality of life of people. Seers had argued that in evaluating a country’s progress towards development, we should ask what has been happening to poverty, inequality and the general quality of life of the people. Development is also about the respect for human rights and the creation of equitable and inclusive systems of governance (Lipset, Seong and Torres, 1993 pp.156). Most people believe that democracy is a valuable component in enhancing the process of development. However, there has been a negative relationship between democracies in improving development, but it is not clear whether it can hinder any economic growth. Democracy can be viewed in three aspects, one relates to issues relating to civil, and political rights which citizens of a country enjoy, secondly it may relate to issues of dai ly accountability and administration. Thirdly, it relates to periodic exercises during election of representatives. The strengths of the three aspects vary in different countries or states. Development can be viewed as improvement of economic growth within a country resulting to improved sectors like education, infrastructure and agriculture. Different empirical studies have shown positive and negative views on democracy as necessary components to development (Horowitz, 1990 pp.75). Emergence of democracy and development The fact that developed and richest countries like UK, US and Netherlands are democratic forced the debate and expectations that democracy and development will entirely co exist in the same space, and there is a causal link of relationship between them. A number of Sub-Saharan African countries did embrace multi-party rule (democracies) in the years 1990s after a decade of single party rule and dictatorship. This led to a renewed optimism and increased poverty level s, corruption, coups and conflicts, the governance system was unable to provide any development, peace, security or even fight for human rights. However, after two decades of such type of governance countries have recorded progress by creation of democratic institutional infrastructures and there is improved security, peace and consideration of human rights leading to economic growth. Nevertheless, despite the improved democratic process and systems a number of analysts and parties have argued that there is some link between democracy and development because these countries still have high poverty levels and are less developed Sub- Saharan Africa has the highest incident of poverty than the rest of the world (Lipset, Seong and Torres, 1993 pp.156). Democracy and Development It is not clear whether this matter will ever be resolved or how soon this will be particularly because evidence is mixed and almost contradictory. It may not be easy to prove causality in this case but a relatio nship between the two does exist. It is obvious that development cannot take place under conditions of instability, war, or even major conflict. It is also a fact that democracy is the only system known today which can generate conditions of peace and security and sustain them. Democratic regimes are more likely to come up with policies that are reflective of the will of the people. These policies provide the environment and context for development to

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Integrated academic report-the innovation and change of BP(British Essay

Integrated academic report-the innovation and change of BP(British Petroleum - Essay Example The project presents the experience of the organisation through the process of innovation and change and benefits that it has been able to gain through the process. The main area that the project tries to explore is the organisation’s present innovative position in the industry. This includes the changes that it has incorporated since the last five years. It also explores the company’s future vision and strategies towards innovation and the components contained in the vision. The next part of the project aims to identify the various competencies and cultures that organisations must to enhance and remain innovative in its operations. Following this, the project identifies the different avenues of learning existing in British Petroleum. Finally, the entire process of change management has been explored which includes the role of change agents, the different barriers and enablers and the internal and the external communications. Part 1: The organization’s need for i nnovation The new age of 21st century also demands a fresh understanding of the nature of its society and its responsibilities. A shared responsibility should be taken by all the citizens of the world in order to have a sustainable development for its own future. Adaptation efforts are going on and it must be expanded also, but these adaptation techniques are very costly and less effective with the growing magnitude of the climate change. The global climatic change has been recognized as the most intractable and most dangerous of all the environmental impacts of the energy. Another problem adding to it is the macroeconomic vulnerability which is arising due to the oil dependencies overall. It’s high time to innovate new processes now to cope with the situation. On an average worldwide, 12 warmest years out of the last 150 years have occurred since 1990. The warmest 50 years were the last 50 in 6000 years. Over the last few years it is also seen that sea ice shrinking, places like Greenland, Antarctic ice is melting. Wildfires, heat waves, storms and flood damages have also get increased in the last few years. On the other hand Oil dependencies are also rising for different countries. According to reports in 2005 United States was dependent for about 65.4 % of its total oil required on imports. This was the highest amount of oil dependence percentage in imports in US history. The cost incurred for this oil imports in 2005 was around $231 billion which accounts to 30% of the U.S net trade deficit on the same year (Holdren, 2006, p.7-10). One of the major motivations for innovation in British Petroleum is the need to retain or increase its profitability which will provide incentives for innovation to cut costs provide new services and thus in turn improve their market share. With the new innovation strategies there is better quality services and also gaining trust with the shareholders. Over the last 10 years BP has radically changed its strategies in ever y aspects of the company. After the tragic events of 2010 there is a severe impact on the BP trust. In order to gain trust again from the people and gain market share BP is developing and then implementing comprehensive processes to strengthen more safety

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Development from Conception to 16 Years Essay Example for Free

Development from Conception to 16 Years Essay E1- The age group I have chosen to describe is birth to 3 year olds on their physical development and communication and language development. In this age range the physical development changes from birth where they generally don’t do anything which develops as between 3 – 6 months the child can hold a rattle for a moment, reaching for a toy, putting toys in their mouth, lifting their head up, moving their arms to indicate wanting to be picked up and rolling over. This development changes much more as when the child is 9 – 18 months as they can grasp objects, can sit unsupported, can crawl , can point at objects, start to use a spoon and self-feed, start to walk, start to scribble and build a tower of three blocks. Then at 2 years the child can draw circles and dots, can use spoons to feed their self’s effectively, can run, climb on furniture and use sit and ride toys. At 3 years the child can do all the stuff from the ages before but also turn the pages of a book, wash and dry their own hands, run forwards and backwards, kick a stationary ball and throw a ball as this develop is done with the help of the child’s family as the encourage the child’s physical development. The communication and language development happens because at this age there co-operation from early motherese by asking them to show you objects and then learn to follow simple instructions but their communication and language develops as first all the can do is cry and make cooing noises which then turns to babbling at 6 – 10 months where they â€Å"goo† and â€Å"ma† as the child blends vowels and consonants together to make tuneful sounds. Then at around 12 months this develops to the child saying â€Å"momma† and â€Å"dada† as they start to show facial expressions and gestures but can now combine sounds. From 1 – 2 years they learn more words so they can make mini sentences when they speak and manage to name things when you point to something, and from 2 – 3 years they can communicate well and manage to ask questions and say full sentences as at this age there is a large increase in a child’s vocabulary combined with an increase in the use sentences. E2- The age group I have chosen to describe is 3 – 7 year olds on their physical development and communication and language development. In this age range the physical development changes from being 3 years and being able to just learning to walk and run, walk on their tiptoes, wash and dry their hands, put a coat on and off and use a spoon to feed them self’s without the  food spilling. To when they are 4 – 5 years where the child should start being able to button and unbutton their own clothing, cut simple shapes, put puzzles together specifically for their age range, write their name, form letters, draw recognisable pictures, cut out shapes with scissors, draw around a template, walk on a line, hop on one foot, skip with a rope, run quickly avoiding objects and use a variety of large equipment on their own (e.g. slide, swings†¦). Then at the age 6 – 7 years the child should be able to join handwriting, cut shapes out accurately, make detailed dra wings, tie and untie shoelaces, hop, skip and jump confidently, chase and dodge others, balance on a beam and use a bicycle. This is because in this age the child is helped through their physical development by their parents, family, teachers and peers as they encourage the child. Communication and language development happens very effectively in this age range as at 3 – 4 years they are able to ask questions and be fascinated with answers given to them by saying â€Å"if† to find out what happens, say their name age address and be more accurate in speaking how they pronounce words. At 4-7 years the child tries to understand the meaning of words, talk more confidently and begins to be more and more fluent, manages to add vocabulary all of the time in their speech, begin to share ideas, begin to realise different situations and define what objects are, this is because in this age range a child masters the basic skills of language and masters the reproduction of most sounds. E3- One theoretical perspective linking to E1 and E2 is Chomsky’s theory of language development. His theory is a nativist theory as he suggests that humans have a built in ability to learn a language. Chomsky states that children have a â€Å"Language Acquisition Device† (LAD) which encodes the major principles of a language into a child’s brain. Chomsky’s theory also states that children are able to use language so accurately from an early age because they only have to learn the new vocabulary and apply the structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky believes that they cannot be learning the language purely through imitation as the speech around them is often broken and ungrammatical. Even with extremely complex languages children will become fluent in their native language by the age of 5 or 6. A second theoretical perspective linking to E1 and E2 is Skinner’s theory of language development. Skinner’s theory is a nurture or behaviouristic theory. According to Skinner’s theory a child initially  acquires through an operant process this means that the child learns voluntarily without any external force so learning of its own free will and without any sort of pressure. According to Skinner the whole process is based upon 4 elements as it is stated on slideshare.net which are â€Å"stimulus, response, reinforcement and repetition†. For example a child will make a sound if they want something. If the child gets the response it wants they will associate that sound with the act or response and will continue to use it to achieve that response. Skinner believes that learning language is no different from learning anything else and anything which is lodged in the mind of the child becomes part and parcel of the child’s life. E5- for my observations I have done a tick chart, time sample and written narrative on a child aged 3 years and 11 months E6- In order to maintain confidentiality throughout the observations each child is referred to as child A, B or X rather than their names being used so that other people do not recognise who we are observing should they know the child. Each setting is referred to in a general form such as primary school, pre-school and nursery. The information gathered is only accessible to the observer and in some cases the teacher or a high member of staff if something is noticed that is either of a concern or needs addressing. Also maintaining confidentiality is very important in a setting as it shows respect to people so then they can trust you so if they have any concerns then can come and tell you. But if a child is at risk confidentially may be broken if a practitioner thinks child protection should know. D1- The observations that I carried out show that child A struggles to recognise numbers and letters in general. This may be because they are a kinaesthetic learner and is more confident in absorbing information through practical methods rather than through visual methods. This suggests that child A needs more help with their numbers and writing so to help we could plan activities to help do these which are more appropriate to the child’s learning style and suggest at home they practise counting and writing to develop on this to get them up to the same or a similar level as the rest in their year. Also the observations show that child A is not yet confident about showing and talking to the rest of the class at show and tell, this may be because the child is very shy which could be because the child is not used to being at the school yet and doesn’t feel confident enough as they might still not know everyone and become shy because they  have never noticed or spoke to s ome of their peers. D2- the observations in E4 can help with planning to meet the child’s needs as from observing you can see the child’s interests and find the best way to help them reach the next level of development or ways to maintain a desirable behaviour. Doing observations also helps early years practioners learn more about the age group they are working with so then they will be able to plan activities to each individuals learning styles and individual needs. For example the child I observed in E4 is not very confident talking to the whole class at show and tell so from knowing that I would plan for them to do group work with friends at first then try and mix groups so she still has 2 friends with her so they can make new friends with the people in the class they haven’t spoken to, to try and gain confidence to talk to all other peer’s in the class. Also the child turned out to be a kinaesthetic learner so while planning I would make sure there are activities to just get on with and do so the child can do activities that are to their interest and learning style as well as trying things that are not their favourite learning style but my help them in some way. C- Confidentiality and objective observation are both subjects that are seen as important; this is because confidentiality is very important in teaching and for practioners to keep confidentiality which means they can only speak of things they have seen in the workplace to other members of the staff or supervisors if it is a concern, but no one else outside of the placement should be informed. By using confidentiality we are assuring the safety of the child and their family. Also we are able to make and keep a reputation for ourselves and the setting so we gain the trust of parents, guardians and the local community by protecting information and the children plus working to a child’s best interest. Each child and their family are diverse as they all have their own differences so if we include every child in an observation it shows to be unbiased. The issues which are essential to confidentiality are personal attitudes and values, sharing information, safe storage of information, working with parents, legal requirements and polices.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm was written by George Orwell and published in 1946. This story is about the Manor Farm in England, around the time of the Russian revolution. The animals on this farm started their own revolution because they were so irritated with the way they were being treated. At the beginning of the story, the Old Major calls a meeting in the barn and speaks about Rebellion and Animalism. Shortly after that the Old Major died’s and then the rebellion starts to take place. Mr. Jones is like a bad guy to the Animals. Napoleon to is also another major villain. But after Jones is gone, all of his tools are burned, and now its time for the animals to take a look around the farmhouse. The name Manor Farm is changed to Animal Farm and the Seven Commandments are established. They then start to begin the hay harvest. During the hay harvest Boxer says, â€Å"I will work harder† as his personal motto. The harvest turned out to be a success. At this point the pigs are now beginning to abuse their power. Pretty soon the pigeons are sent to spread the word of the rebellion to other animals. And Mr. Jones tries to recapture the farm in the Battle of the Cowshed. Mr. Jones was unable to defeat the animals, therefore the animals got a boost of confidence. Now at this point Mollie runs away and Snowball begins his plans for a windmill. When Snowball’s plans are finished, Napoleon’s dog’s start to chase him off the farm. The farm just lost the best leader they could have had. They loose their chance to give input on what direction the farm should go, and Napoleon begings blaming Snowball for all the things that he did not do. Now Napoleon sets the animals to work on Sundays again and acquires Mr. Whymper as the farm’s broker. Napoleon starts to sell some of the farm’s produce. And the pigs start sleeping one hour later, and in beds. Then the windmill gets blown over and Snowball gets the blame. At this point the pigs still continue to abuse the power and stealing from the other animals. Napoleon stops making appearances to the other animals and makes a deal with Mr. Whymper to sell 400 eggs a week. Napoleon also gets some animals to confess of wrong doings and then â€Å"makes examples of them,† by killing them.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

European Expansionism and the New World Order Essay

The European invasion and expansionism leave a stain to the World History, and thus traced the question where does the modern youth get their evil side. Since this Europeans invaded most part of the world if not the whole, everyone could say that each has a small drop of blood of Europeans in their system, especially in the continent of South and North America, where most of the European expeditions harbored. Because of this, wickedness of Europeans might be inside of today’s every man’s alive. The extermination of Hispaniola by the Spaniards is no less than a tragic extinction of American Natives. Exquisite execution of the poor victims ironically generates fun and excitement with those performing the impious acts, all for the name of the Almighty. In the book of Stannard, it summarizes blow by blow account of how the Europeans perform such evil acts including Spaniards who’s responsible in creating the New World in accordance to their standards and Christian beliefs and devotions. However, the creation of the so-called New World of this Europeans caused massive killings and pestilence which resulted to a depopulation of about ninety-six percent. The irony is putting a New World for the living in expense of every living thing that is degraded, demoralized, and extinct. For the most common term it is survival of the fittest supposedly performed only by animals in the wild fighting as predators for the flesh of their victims. How the old Europeans perform the survival of the fittest game for their New World? American Natives wiped out for many ungodly reasons varying from killing newly born babies to letting husbands and wife being tired and stressful that they do not get to feel the sexual urge to do procreation. Some reasons were pestilence or intentionally spreading of plague and viral diseases by scattering contaminated things to public. Some were simply letting the people starved to death. Some were being subjected to burning villages and massive killings. This character of burning people and villages originated in Europeans because they are the ones having the superiority trait and that inferiors of them deserved to be maltreated, demoralized and died inhumanely. It could be to totally eliminate habitants of such community, especially when they see that the land that they occupied were fertile, healthy and rich. For the conclusion on this chapter which talk about European Expansionism and New World Order is the additional denunciation for the late reaction of the natives as they allowed three or four decades of European invasion and American extinction before they do the movement and crusade of condemning European’s wrongdoings. Again, these movements which lead to Civil War also take part in the World History in a negative manner and reputation.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Relationships between Gods and Mortals in The Odyssey Essay

The Ancient Greeks were a race of very religious people who believed strongly in their gods and goddesses. Not only did they believe in the presence of their gods, they actually believed that the gods often intervened in their lives. Due to such a strong belief, the Greeks held their gods in the highest regard and had the utmost respect and reverence for them. Furthermore, they established certain types of relationships with their gods, usually not relationships in a physical sense, but relationships nonetheless. Many examples of such relationships are evident through the relationships demonstrated between characters of Homer’s epic, The Odyssey. One such relationship that the Greeks had with their gods were that they were forever trying to please them and in certain cases, their efforts were awarded. The Greeks all did their part to show respect for the gods through methods such as prayer and sacrifice, which are both evident in The Odyssey. However, in some cases, it seems that such respect was mutual, as demonstrated by some of the relationships portrayed by Homer. One such relationship was between Odysseus and Athena. The latter develops an extensive bond with the mere mortal because she sees herself in him. Due to this, she helps Odysseus out on many occasions, like when she begs her father, Zeus, to allow her to aid Odysseus in his quest to find home. She pleads, even saying, â€Å"My own heart is broken for Odysseus† (1. 68), and is able to convince him. Only through Athena’s pleading does Zeus have the incentive to dispatch Hermes to free Odysseus from Calypso’s island, allowing him to eventually find home. Another example of this type of relationship is between Athena and Telemachus, Odysseus’s son. Only through her guidance does Telemachus mature as the epic progresses, learning his responsibilities as a prince and becoming more assertive. He finally takes charge, taking the initiative to find his father and confronting the suitors. An example of Athena’s guidance is when visits Ithaca, giving him friendly advice under the disguise of being a stranger. She gives him a nudge in the right direction, at one point saying, â€Å"If I were you, I should take steps to make these men disperse† (1. 318-319). Yet another example of such positive divine intervention is through the relationship between Athena  and Penelope. The grey-eyed goddess respects Odysseus’ cunning wife and sometimes soothes her loneliness by helping her sleep. At the end of the epic, she even makes the night longer so that the lovers would have more time to get reacquainted. As Homer writes, â€Å"The rose Dawn might have found them weeping still had not grey-eyed Athena slowed the night† (23. 271-272). Athena’s goodwill helped mortals on numerous occasions in The Odyssey, demonstrating an example of the relationship between the Greeks and Gods where the mortals’ reverence was rewarded. On the contrary, another type of relationship is where the gods are rather indifferent to the mortals, despite their praying and sacrificing. Examples of this are present in Homer’s epic as well. For example, as Zeus ponders the situation of Aigà ­stos and Orestà ¬s, he muses, exclaiming, â€Å"My word, how mortals take the gods to task! All their afflictions come from us, we heard. And what of their own failings† (1. 48-50)? This is a perfect example of how contrary to the belief of some mortals, the gods did not control every insignificant detail of their lives. The gods were at times uninterested in meddling in mortal affairs. Another example of this relationship is through that of Zeus and Odysseus. Zeus admires Odysseus, asking Athena, â€Å"Could I forget that kingly man, Odysseus† (1. 87)? However, though Zeus knows exactly what has been going on with Odysseus and respects the wisdom of the mortal, he would not have taken the initiative to help him without Athena’s pleading, showing his practically indifferent attitude. However, he is better off with a god indifferent to him than with a god holding a grudge against him. Another type of relationship is one in which the gods would punish mortals for certain things, using divine intervention to negatively influence their lives. One obvious example in The Odyssey is the relationship between Odysseus and Poseidon, the former’s antagonist. Poseidon passionately hates Odysseus because he blinded the god’s son, Polyphemus, in order to escape from the man-eating cyclop’s cave. The vexed god of the sea constantly tries to hamper Odysseus’s attempts at returning home in any way possible. Another example of such relationship is when Odysseus’ men are punished for disobeying the gods. They are advised not to slaughter Helios, the Sun god’s  cattle by Tiresias, as he says â€Å"If you raid the beeves, I see destruction for ship and crew† (12. 166-167). However, the crew ignores the advice and kills some cattle for food. This is a blasphemous act and they are punished for it when Zeus sends down lightening and thunder, and they all lose their lives. Only Odysseus survives, and he barely does so. Another example of such relationship is shown through the fear that the mortals had of displeasing the gods. For example, when a storm spurred by Aeolus’s own winds brings Odysseus and his men back to Aeolus, the ruler of the wind suddenly refuses to help them because he is sure that they are cursed by the gods. Aeolus himself is scared to help them for fear that he himself will get on the bad side of a god. The Ancient Greeks obviously had relationships with the gods they worshipped in a variety of forms. Not only did some have relationships where their respect was rewarded but others were not so lucky. Others had relationships where the gods were practically indifferent toward them. These mortals took matters into their own hands. But there are also the really unlucky ones, the mortals who had relationships with gods where the gods would actually intervene in their lives negatively. Homer’s The Odyssey demonstrates an assortment of such relationships.

Friday, November 8, 2019

20 Verbs Smothered by Bes

20 Verbs Smothered by Bes 20 Verbs Smothered by â€Å"Be†s 20 Verbs Smothered by â€Å"Be†s By Mark Nichol Below are phrases in which a form of â€Å"to be† plus an adjective (or a preposition and a noun) and, often, a preposition can easily be replaced by a simple form of the verb (occasionally accompanied by a preposition), resulting in a more concise statement: 1. Before: â€Å"She is able (or unable) to think for herself.† After: â€Å"She can (or cannot) think for herself.† 2. Before: â€Å"This rule is applicable to both scenarios.† After: â€Å"This rule applies to both scenarios.† 3. Before: â€Å"They are authorized (or empowered) to speak on our behalf.† After: â€Å"They may speak on our behalf.† 4. Before: â€Å"The company is benefited by this policy.† After: â€Å"The company benefits from this policy.† 5. Before: â€Å"The agreement is binding upon both parties.† After: â€Å"The agreement binds both parties.† 6. Before: â€Å"The compound is derived from a chemical reaction.† After: â€Å"The compound derives from a chemical reaction.† 7. Before: â€Å"We are desirous of your reply.† After: â€Å"We desire your reply.† 8. Before: â€Å"She is in agreement with us.† After: â€Å"She agrees with us.† 9. Before: â€Å"He will be in attendance at the event.† After: â€Å"He will attend the event.† 10. Before: â€Å"Their behavior is indicative of what you can expect from them.† After: â€Å"Their behavior indicates what you can expect of them.† 11. Before: â€Å"He is in error in his account of the incident.† After: â€Å"He errs in his account of the incident.† 12. Before: â€Å"It was in existence at that moment.† After: â€Å"It existed at that moment.† 13. Before: â€Å"She is influential on his artistic style.† After: â€Å"She influences his artistic style.† 14. Before: â€Å"I am in possession of some incriminating evidence.† After: â€Å"I hold some incriminating evidence.† (In this case, â€Å"I possess . . .† in place of â€Å"I am in possession of . . .† would imply ownership, not temporary possession, which is what the original sentence implies.) 15. Before: â€Å"My colleague is in receipt of the document.† After: â€Å"My colleague received the document.† 16. Before: â€Å"The mechanism will soon be operative.† After: â€Å"The mechanism will soon operate.† 17. Before: â€Å"The company was in violation of several regulations.† After: â€Å"The company violated several regulations.† 18. Before: â€Å"The committee was productive of a thorough report.† After: â€Å"The committee produced a thorough report.† 19. Before: â€Å"This advertising campaign will be effectively promotive of the product.† After: â€Å"This advertising campaign will effectively promote the product.† 20. Before: â€Å"We are supportive of your efforts.† After: â€Å"We support your efforts.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Work of Art TitlesHow often is "bimonthly"?

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Essay on Disaster Management Reflections

Essay on Disaster Management Reflections Essay on Disaster Management Reflections Example Essay on Disaster Management Reflections: The earth has been affected by the natural hazards over a long time as man emerged into picture the picture that the natural occurrences were becoming disaster, together with being documented in various ways providing a warning for the future generation. However in 1920, there was a published study referred to as the catastrophe and social change by Henry Samuel Prince. This was the Halifax Disaster documented account and the occurrence of the social change. The first person to deliver evidence based study was Prince, by use of theory founding a paradigm which paved way for the management of disaster to be studied (Sperling, 2004). A change in social can be caused by disasters. Social change always is not for better depending on affected population resources (Oliver, 2002). Change in disaster study started changing with theories like as Carr discussing a cultural protection collapse. Carr made a discussion on how we got the tools in place encountering the act of disasters though if there was lack of these tools there was no more protection. Disaster is any occurrence that causes ecological disruption, damage, human life loss, health services and health deterioration on sufficient scale to warrant response extraordinary from the outside area or community affected (De Boer, 2000). In addition, it can be also defined as the series or event which disrupts the normal activities seriously. Disaster means a sudden or great misfortune. This may include tsunami; fires; floods; droughts; flood and many others. The major disasters naturally may include earthquake, cyclone, flood, and drought. Minor disasters naturally include storm, heat waves, cold wave, mud slides, and thunderstorm. The major disasters that may occur in man made activities include deforestation, fires, setting of fires, and pollution due to their prawn activities. Minor man made occurrence of disasters may include accidents on the roads or trains, riots, industrial riots, food poisoning, and environmental pollution. In history throughout disasters had some impacts significantly on the number, life style and health status of the population such as death, shortage of food, movements of the population, damage of water systems and the health facilities, and severe injuries which requires treatment extensive. Health problem that is common to every disaster include mental health, social reactions, nutrition and food, climatic exposure, health infrastructure damage, and population displacement. Whether a disaster is man- made or natural, it can occur at anytime and anywhere. General response to any disaster is thereby in terms of rescue and relief operations which are after the event. If we are well and adequately prepared, it is very easy to reduce the impact of that disaster. There can be reduction of the impact through being aware by understanding well the preventive actions, together with having knowledge of particular tools and techniques; at the time of disaster event these tools and techniques can be used to control total damage to belongings and life. The biggest problem and very sad thing is the way a disaster occur; they occur with swiftness and suddenness hence, for a disaster serenity to be reduced, the response has to be swift equally(De Boer, 2000). It is hard for a day to pass without news about complex or major emergency happening in different parts of the world, as disasters continue to strike causing destruction to both developed and undeveloped countries (Dyregrov, 1999). This raises vulnerability concern to occurrences that may affect gravely our daily lives and the future. In vulnerable populations, some emergency in particular those occurring in nature become catastrophic events only when they are in combination with the vulnerability factors like populations density and the human settlements. An occurrence of earthquake in deserted area is might be considered as a natural hazard, rather than if it occurred in mega city where it is recognized as major disaster (Stewart, 2005). Any type of emergency that has anything to do with vulnerability population together with man made included, concerns some technological disasters like the ones of chemicals or nuclear; these demonstrates complex and major emergencies are linked closely to an anarchic growth population that leads to poverty, unplanned population settlements, and environmental degradation. Disasters themselves have no limitation to specific parts of world. There are no countries that are disaster immune, but there is variance in disaster vulnerability (Sperling, 2005). However, some countries might be more prone to a particular type of disaster. The more advanced a country is, the level of their preparedness is slightly higher. High level of preparedness enhances them have good control over loss. Some disasters where loss during actual event is not required as high, hence losses become a bit high due to the inability in managing the situation in a timed manner. Another thing that might lead to a big loss during certain disasters is the secure utilities and properly manages inability (Pearce, 2003). In one way these utilities tend to be very important, and on the other hand, due to ruptures or leakage, some of them might be in contact with each other, where they are not supposed to therefore leading to further damage. The most important thing and the most motivation of disaster management are minimizing losses at disaster time together with ensuring that resources are utilized effectively; as they are scarce already. The major disasters naturally may include earthquake, cyclone, flood, and drought. Minor disasters naturally include storm, heat waves, cold wave, mud slides, and thunderstorm. The major disasters that may occur in man made activities include deforestation, fires, setting of fires, and pollution due to their prawn activities. Minor man made occurrence of disasters may include accidents on the roads or trains, riots, industrial riots, food poisoning, and environmental pollution. There are four types of disaster mainly. These include environmental emergencies, natural disasters, pandemic disasters, and complex disasters. Disaster prevention is activities that are designed for provision of permanent disasters protection. Not every disaster can be prevented and particularly natural disasters; the loss risk of injury and life can be only mitigated with plans of good evacuation, design standards and environmental planning. Disaster preparedness is activities for life loss and damage minimization (Pearce, 2003). Preparedness is the best way of reducing disasters impact. Disaster relief is a multi-agency coordinated response of reducing disaster impact and its results of long-term. These activities may include relocation, rescue, water and food provision, preventing disability and disease, repair of vital services like transport, provision of temporary shelter and health care emergency. Once the needs of emergency has been accomplished and the crisis is initially over, those affected together with the community supporting them remain vulnerable. Management of disaster is linked with the development sustainably, in particular with vulnerable people relation like the ones with disability, children, elderly people and groups marginalized. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, dissertations, courseworks, book reviews, lab reports, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to buy online essay on Disaster Management from our professional essay writing service.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Both Kant and Smith write about universities, yet they have different Essay

Both Kant and Smith write about universities, yet they have different views of what a University must do. Explain their views. Give an account of how their th - Essay Example Despite this, they take different views on how universities should operate and the use of a university in a society. To better understand their works, it is important for us to understand how they viewed this important institution. Kant wrote a lot more about universities and was deeper ingrained into the idea of a university than Smith primarily due to his extensive work on philosophical thought and the idea of morality. A part of that morality was peace between people as well as nations and the ideal university was seen as one which helps in the creation of that peace. The academic peace in a university is established by debate and mutual respect amongst the faculty members despite their differences in learning or philosophical background. The same peace should be established in the world amongst countries despite their individual differences in ideology (Kant, 1963). When the idea for perpetual peace using the model of a university setting was first presented, it was certainly very applicable since universities of the time had very different structures as compared to the universities we see today. Normally a university would be formed with three high faculties and one low faculty. The high faculties of law, medicine and theology were used to train lawyers, doctors and priests. The fourth faculty of philosophy conducted the coordination of these faculties and trained students in other subjects concerned with liberal arts and the sciences (Palmquist, 2006). Since the faculty of philosophy administers other faculties in the university but done not interfere in their internal matters it creates a system that is in a sort of stable conflict. While professors may argue about ideas and debate the value of certain thoughts, it is rather unlikely that a faculty would separate itself from the university or revolt against the university. By keeping members within itself, the university functions as a

Friday, November 1, 2019

Embracing Cash Flow Ratios for predicting financial future Dissertation

Embracing Cash Flow Ratios for predicting financial future - Dissertation Example Acknowledgments I wish to forward my appreciation for the support, guidance, comments to my respected Supervisor, Supervisor’s name here, for his/her dedicated supervision towards this piece of work. Further, I am greatly thankful to the numerous colleagues; and friends whose work greatly facilitate me to comprehend the main theme of this research work. Financial ratios have failed to accurately predict the financial position of companies. Despite their widespread use in the financial world, the constant occurrence of business bankruptcies seriously highlights the inherent weaknesses of these ratios. Beyond any doubt, due to these shortcomings in these ratios, predicting successful or failed businesses have become a necessity; this necessity can be properly filled up if the use of cash flow ratios is adopted as these ratios do not take into account the subjective measures and depreciation. The fundamental difference offered by the cash flow ratios emanates from their cash basi s procedure rather than accrual basis. Cash flows have become a significant part towards performance and position evaluation of a company’s yearly performance. And, in this regard, Rose et al., (2007) contend that the cash flow information facilitates to the users of financial statements in a way to receive the related financial information relating to the source and use of particularly the entire financial resources over a particular time period. And that financial information is classified into the different segments of cash flow ratios statement such as operating, investing and financial activities (Macve, 1997). However, cash flow ratios have not been in use as the other financial ratios such as liquidity, investors, and so on. Thereby, technical and investment fund managers and analysts have been using these measures to determine and evaluate performance and position of companies. Despite their wide spread use for the purpose of evaluation, these financial ratios have be en unable to timely identify the possible presence of shortcomings in the strategic and operational policies of the companies. In this regard, Albrecht (2003) argues that these forms of ratios are inherently affected by the fundamental weaknesses of ‘accrual based accounting.’ Purpose of the study (problems with other ratios)

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Resume chapter 16 (EXPORT-ORIENTED GROWTH IN EAST ASIA) Essay

Resume chapter 16 (EXPORT-ORIENTED GROWTH IN EAST ASIA) - Essay Example The global recession of 2008 also affected their economies, but their experiences in international trade are all worth studying because they derived much success in it. With these HPAE are subgroups such as the Four Tigers, namely Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. Another group is the Newly Industrializing Economies (NIE) of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. China has a category all its own due to its size and communism influence. The NIE followed suit after the Four Tigers’ economies took off. Experts have analyzed how the HPAE have sustained their economic success and found that these countries were careful in maintaining stable macroeconomics. They also prioritized sharing the benefits of their economic growth with their citizens by providing them access to health care, education and housing, so people were made to feel they were well taken care of. Such actions were successful in soliciting people’s support and confidence. In turn, the high rates of lite racy produced in their people were attractive to foreign investors and multicultural firms. Another reason for their success is the promotion of their exported products while being open to imports. These countries believed that exportation provided the foreign exchange earnings they needed as well as encouraged businesses to be competitive in coming up with high quality products to export while importation brought about new technologies and novel products to update their knowledge in skills. Income rates in these Asian countries are much higher than their Latin American counterparts. As opposed to them, East Asian economy did not have high inequality in income and wealth at the beginning of their growth. The pattern followed what was known as â€Å"Kuznet’s curve†, which suggested equality first declines and then rises. The relative equality in these nations resulted from the characteristic sharing of wealth from economic success. Hence, the provision of basic needs as well as land reform, free public education, free basic health care and significant investments in rural infrastructure such as clean water systems, transportation and communication systems. The positive outcomes of such provision extends to the rise in business opportunities since the people have purchasing power to support small- and medium-scale entrepreneurs which are locally based. This contributes to political stability and sustains the interest of businesses in to invest in these countries on a long-term basis. The export push in the East Asian nations resulted in more than double their share in total world exports and total world manufactured exports. Such success was attributed to education policies favouring the advocacy of literacy spread in primary and secondary schooling. On top of that, HPAE nations endorsed export promotion plicies that created an impetus for export businesses. For example, export financing credit and tax benefits were readily available in Japan and t he Four Tigers for businesses that reach their export targets. Tariff-free access to imports of capital equipment needed in manufacturing is also provided. Such practices of export promotion connected with high rates of growth may be considered controversial in economics as well as sharing such export promotion strategies with other nations as it is likely to create trade conflicts since it may go against the rules of fair trade agreed to by the members of the World Trade Organization. The stability maintained in macroeconomic environments in the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Boyz N the Hood Essay Example for Free

Boyz N the Hood Essay In the movie Boyz N the Hood there is a constant conflict that follows many of the characters. The movie takes place in South Central Los Angeles, which is a very dangerous neighborhood. There are lots of shootings, drugs, and other crimes which take place there on a daily basis. This is a predominantly African American neighborhood and the movie portrays this idea with all black people. Throughout the movie, the conflict of every day violence and crime asserts itself and makes life tough for these young men. Tre, the main character, is forced to move in with his dad after he breaks a contract with his mom and gets into a little scuffle with one of his classmates at school. While living with his dad, he gets a taste of this bad neighborhood very early. The first night he is staying with his father, a burglar sneaks into the house and attempts to rob the house. Tre’s father hears the burglar in the family room and grabs his magnum and shoots at him frightening Tre. A day or two later after Tre gets back from the beach with his father he comes home to the sight of his good friend Doughboy getting taken away in a police car. He stole from a market because he had no money, got caught, and as a result he gets sent to jail. He realizes very quickly while living with his father that there is a lot of danger that is around him. The movie fast forwards seven years and the scene is a party at Ricky and Doughboy’s house, who are brothers. Doughboy had returned from one of his few trips to jail and there is a little welcome back party to celebrate for him. Shortly after his return, doughboy is hanging outside with two of his friends when a black man rips the necklace of his friend’s neck and bolts off. The three boys chase down the man and beat him on the ground; punching, kicking, and throwing a trash can at him and they get the necklace back. While Tre, Ricky, Doughboy, and the rest of their crew are at the Crenshaw car show one night, Ricky is bumped by a random man. Both crews start getting into and chipping back and forth and after the other men leave, the other crew unloads uzi clips into the air causing everyone to scatter. The following day Ricky and Tre are on a walk back to Ricky’s house from the market when they spot the red car in which the men from the other night ride in. They hop a fence and make it to a back alley and decide to split up. While Ricky is walking down the alley he spots the car again and tries to run away. They fire a shotgun at him twice and hit him in the leg and the chest. He instantly dies right in front of his best friend Ricky. Later that evening Doughboy and two of the other boys go to avenge their fallen brother. They find the three boys at a cafà © late at night and end up gunning down all three of them for killing Ricky. Day after day in South Central there is violence and crime and there is no getting away from that. At the end of the movie it says that Doughboy was murdered just two weeks later. The movie takes place in a very dangerous neighborhood and for some of the boys they pay the ultimate price, death. Luckily for Tre he is able to stay out of the violence, but he himself is put at gunpoint twice during the movie. No matter what the boys do there is nothing they can do about the crime and violence that takes place in their neighborhood. Day in and day out there is some kind of crime going on around them. This conflict haunts Tre and his friends throughout the whole movie, and unfortunately he loses to of his good longtime friends.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Feminism in Sor Juana Essay -- Sor Juana Estela Portillo Trambley Essa

Feminism in Sor Juana In Estela Portillo Trambley’s play Sor Juana the main character Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz was considered to be one of the earliest feminists. Sor Juana’s eternal struggles to study and unshakable craving for knowledge and wisdom, from whatever source it may be, support this attribute. In my opinion however, there are also significant elements of the play that suggest that Sor Juana would not be considered a true feminist. Of these reasons, there are three major ones that I will analyze. The first reason is that Sor Juana gave up her struggle for the acquirement of knowledge from books and settled for reading from religiously accepted writing, essentially giving up what she had been originally fighting for and abandoning her previous ideals. Secondly, Sor Juana only fought for herself and what she wanted to pursue. She did not fight for other women or in other political, economic, or social spheres. Finally, the play fails to identify how Sor Juana set any kind of p recedent or example by accomplishing anything that women before her had never accomplished. In the remainder of this essay I will analyze how Trambley’s representation of Sor Juana is that of a woman concerned only with her own desires and also a woman that gave up her struggle for personal rights that she had once been so motivated to attain prior to setting any precedent for women as a group. One major reason that I do not consider Sor Juana to be the â€Å"Americas’ First Feminist† is that she gave up her struggle for what she originally wanted so badly. In the beginning, Sor Juana went through so much and worked so hard to learn and read and attain knowledge. She seemed so strong, looking past being laughed at and not taken seriously and continuing her quest to study. She began to give in and her original goals started to slip away. â€Å"†¦ and the Church will let me learn.† (151). This quote illustrates how Sor Juana joined the convent to be able to learn because she was not allowed to learn otherwise. Sor Juana settled for life in a convent. She was then forced to live a stricter lifestyle and was limited in her reading materials. It seems she complied with little struggle. Then she felt guilty for having used God in the first place to help her achieve her goal. This led to the abandonment of her original purpose altogether. Sor Juana s ays, â€Å"My whole life was s... ...hown to support the idea that Sor Juana accomplished anything that women before her did not accomplish. Sor Juana says herself, â€Å"I am only a woman incapable of changing worlds.† (184). This is also a main reason that Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, as she was represented in Trambley’s play, is not truly the â€Å"Americas’ First Feminist.† In conclusion, the reasons I have discussed above are sufficient evidence to show that Sor Juana, as she is represented in Trambley’s play is not truly the â€Å"Americas’ First Feminist.† Assertive and intelligent she was, but determined to make any change to the inequality experienced by women by being anything other than a precedent she was not. Also preventing her from being a true feminist is the fact that she was unsuccessful in accomplishing something that no woman had done before. Sor Juana abandoned her struggle to follow her dreams of pursuing something that no woman had ever accomplished prior. She was also unconcerned with the plight of other women, only her own desires to pursue her dreams. Ultimately, becoming just another obedient woman following the constraints of society is what prevents Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz from being a true feminist.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Everything That Rises Must Converge by Flannery O Connors

In Flannery O†Connors† â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, the character of Julian sees his mother as racist and narrow-minded due to her sheltered upbringing and lack of knowledge and education of the black struggle for equality. He feels that due to his education that he has a higher understanding of social structure and inequality that his mother lacks, and he loathes her for this reason. However, despite his higher education, he still depends on his mother for financial support even as a grown man, and has a repressed emotional dependency on her. This is the inner character conflict that Julian faces. In reality, Julian is as facetious and narrow-minded as his mother, he simply refuses to come to terms with this harsh reality, and as a result he plays off his own inadequacies and shallowness on his mother, by criticizing her and having a negative and depressing view of her. He must come to terms with his repressed dependency on his mother and deep-seeded feelings of failure and personal inadequacy. Unfortunately, it takes the event of his mother†s stroke to realize that Julian must take care and depend on himself, and realize that he and his mother are almost identical in their social views and failures. The first instance of Julian†s facetiousness is seen on the walk to the bus station with his mother on their way to her weight reducing class. His mother finds herself on the topic of the recent African American civil rights movement, and how she remembers when she lived in the south on a rich plantation with two hundred slaves. Julian tells her to stop talking about it, showing his non-racist and modern views, unlike his mother. However, he finds himself thinking of how the old plantation house must have looked before it became run down and abandoned, â€Å"Negroes were living in it. But it remained in his mind as his mother had known it. It appeared in his dreams regularly†(O†Connor 1082). He fantasizes about the plantation mansion†s glory days, an obvious example of how his external behavior is different than his inner true feelings and wishes. As Booth illustrates, â€Å"what kind of man is it, we ask, who always belies his true feelings? His life is full of such contradictions†(1634). Julian lies to himself to cover his true self, that of a shallow failure. Then, after Julian and his mother get on the bus, a second instance of his inner-failure and true pathetic character is demonstrated. Despite his supposed high education and writing talent, he depends on his mother for money and shelter, and sells typewriters. His mother is shown on the same parallel of facetiousness as she comments on the bus to another passenger, â€Å"He wants to write but he†s selling typewriters until he gets started . . .. I tell him that Rome wasn†t built in a day†(O†Conner 1084). Despite the obvious personal failure, despite a college education is denied internally by Julian and externally by his mother, playing off Julian†s failure as taking his time. Julian pushes out his failure when put on the spot by entering a â€Å"mental bubble in which he established himself . . . From it he could see out and judge but in it was safe from any kind of penetration from without†(O†Connor 1084). Julian goes on to daydream about various scenarios that he could upset his mother by bringing an African-American into there lives, such as dating a black woman, further punctuating his false belief of racial equality using blacks as experiments. A second instance of Julian†s repressed racism is seen when an African-American man enters the bus and Julian attempts to engage him in conversation to spite his mother, however, this action shows that Julian really does not view African Americans as people. Despite his assertions of social awareness, he views blacks as guinea pigs to be used to test his mother†s tolerance of his actions. When a second African-American enters the bus, this time a woman with a child, the final instance of Julian†s insecurities and dependencies is realized. Upon exiting the bus Julian†s mother insists upon giving the African-American woman†s child a penny. This may be seen as a gesture of condescension, or that she thinks the black mother and child are poor, but in reality, it seems to simply be a friendly gesture she would do to any child, despite color. The black woman snaps in return, shouting at Julian†s mother that her child does not take money from anyone. This shock of rejection from an African-American causes her stroke, and in return, Julians epiphany. After he realizes what has happened, he comes to terms with his failures and dependency, he discovers he truly loves his mother, he shouts, â€Å"Darling, sweetheart, wait! â€Å"(O†Connor 1091). He then enters a world of â€Å"guilt and sorrow†(O†Connor 1091). His previous thoughts that he had no emotional dependency on his mother, that he was superior to her, are shattered in his realization of his true self. His journey to self-identity is complete, and he must now care for at least his mother, but most importantly, himself.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Food Intake 3 Days

During my three day food intake I discovered that I only consumed 88 grams of protein. In these three meals I spent almost 40 dollars and I was short almost 100 grams of protein required for my weight. Four slices of pizza, and two double cheeseburgers produced the most protein. Oatmeal, beer, and coffee only counted for less than 10 grams. All six items consumed over the 3 day stretch accounted for carbohydrates. The items ranged from 10g to 100g of carbs. The only item with enough lipids was the McDonald’s oatmeal. The rest of the meals were relatively low. I need to make better planning to include more lipids into my health plan. According to the recommendation of the DRI and compared to my intake of protein, carbs, and lipid I failed to meet 100% percent of the minimum standards. I was less than 50% DRI for most of the nutrients. In fact only one out of the 35 nutrients only surpassed or reached 50%. I personally think that I need to consume more meals with adequate healthy nutrients. I would need to add more vegetables, fruits, and oils to my diet so I can achieve my goals. My calorie DRI was almost 4,000 and I just consumed 18% or almost 700 calories. I almost did good with carbohydrates meeting my DRI, but with protein I was at 17%, and with fat total I was at 33%. I was surprised that the numbers were not even close to my expectations. I understand that during these three days I didn’t meet my required DRI because I changed my diet for this assignment. I tried to limit my food intake and changed from healthy food to fast food, but nonetheless during some days this is what I have consumed during some occasions. It demonstrated that I was not anywhere near be healthy. I will need to increase my protein intake achieve my gym goals. If I was to eat little protein the muscle mass would turn to stored fat and have low energy. If I was to lose weight and I would stop exercising my fat would come back to the same level as before. For example my protein intake should be 62 grams according to my weight, but I didn’t consume any. I am very displeased to say that my fiber intake was at 0% percent. I did not consume any fruit or vegetables. When I was ordering my fast food I could have add vegetables and fruit to my pizza, oatmeal, but I didn’t. During my average day I would eat plenty of fruits such as apples, bananas, and oranges to cover my six meals. I would also eat vegetables in salads or with main meals. My favorite vegetable is spinach which is a great source of fiber. I try to stay away from fibers such as breads and such. According to the iprofile eating bananas and apples also produce great amounts of fibers which cover me in the fiber intake. Insufficient or excessive amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, or fiber contribute a lot my health and illnesses. To induce rapid weight loss the easiest way to do it is to eliminate carbohydrates for many people who are in a diet. Without carbohydrates people will be more moody because it loses serotonin. If I was to drink fruit juice instead of whole fruits I would lose all of the fiber. For example to produce 8oz of apple juice I would need 3-4 apples producing about 15grams of fiber, but all the fiber is taken out when its mixed into juice. Any fruit juice that will replace soda pop or you retain the skin or pulp than is ok too. Consumers just need to be careful when they are shopping for fruit juice. Sometime is better to juice it at home because the sugar level will be lower and you will still maintain all the nutrients. The more I read about nutrition the more I get interested about maintain myself healthy be eating healthy and rigorous training. This iprofile has opened my eyes to understand the nutrients I’m lacking or I am over consuming

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Keynesianism vs Neorealism

Keynesianism vs Neorealism There are a lot of different approaches which help consider the economical and political situations in the world, connect the realities and help solve some problems. The economical theories are created with the purpose to help the country to solve the issues either social or economical.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keynesianism vs Neorealism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the theories are effective, others are not. Still, each of the existing economical theories helps the development of the economy in the country and impact the urban state of affairs. Comparing and contrasting the Keynesianism and Neorealism theories, it should be stated that they are directed at different principles of economics development and therefore impact various spheres which help the economics of the country function appropriately. Moreover, the spheres of impact are different, which influences the scope of the considered themes . The main idea of Keynesianism is as following. The market economics does not have the features of balance which ensures the full employment. The main reason for this is the intention to conserve the part of the income which leads to the fact that the aggregate demand is lower than the aggregate supply. It is impossible to overcome the tendency to economy. That is why the government should regulate the economy by means of influencing the economics of the country by means of the effect on the aggregate demand applying to one of the following measures, increasing of the monetary stock, decreasing the interest rate which leads to the stimulation of the investment activity. The lack of the demand should be compensated by means of the public works and budget financing. Referencing the discussed theory to the ecological problem in the cities, the following examples of an ecological Keynesianism should be considered, â€Å"the state’s use of transfer and investment measures so as to accelerate the shift from reliance on fossil fuels towards reliance on renewable energy; state intervention to discourage incineration of waste, and to enhance reliance on recycling; and conversion of military production facilities into units which produce for the sustenance of life on earth.† (Custers 173). Considering the effect of the Keynesianism on the urban economy, the full employment and increased resources of planning and redevelopment are to be mentioned. The government should play the vital role in the economics of each state and city (Dilworth 55).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dwelling upon the advantages and disadvantages of applying to this theory in practice van der Burg refers to increase of the private or government consumption aimed at helping the country to increase the production and employment fast. However, one of the main disadvant ages in this case is the raise of the government debt which creates the circumstances for deterioration in the balance of payments (van der Burg 141). Shifting to the discussion of the Neorealism, it should be stated that this theory was then reaction to the deficit of the classical realism. One of the principal characteristics of the Neorealism is the consideration of the international relationships and world economics as two different notions (however, these items are considered as equal terms in Keynesianism). The international relationships are based on the relationships between the states and t is believed to be the holistic system which functions on the basis of the particular laws. At the same time, the world economics is considered to be the interconnection of the non-state participants. Neorealism refers to the state as to the central participant of the economic relations. The government should control all the aspects of economics and interfere into the city’s ones ( Baldwin 148). The state is the head and all the smaller formations are to subordinate to it. Moreover, one should understand that this is about the state politics and there is no such a head in the world economics and international relationships. The main difference between the Keynesianism and Neorealism theories is that Keynesianism considers the urban economy as the central one and the state should act in the interests of each city separately, while the main idea of the Neorealism theories is the subordination of the cities to the state and the business implementation under the interests of the government. The stress of the head is made on different centers and it may change the perception of the whole economy. What is meant is that Neorealists â€Å"argue that all states aim to acquire power and that state cooperation can therefore only be temporary, based on a common opposition to a third country† (May, Rosecrance, and Steiner 1). In conclusion, it should be stated tat e ach of the theories was developed under the particular circumstances and the conditions in the whole world generally and one particular state in particular. The implementation of each of the theories in the modern world in their pure condition is impossible as the economy has changed and there are no conditions necessary for applying to any of the theories successfully.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keynesianism vs Neorealism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Keynesianism and Neorealism are the theories which have different features and direction in their functioning. However, they are both directed at the improvement of the economic relations in the world. Baldwin, David Allen. New Directions in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Print. Custers, Peter. The Tasks Of Keynesianism Today: Green New Deals As Transition Towards A Zero Growth Economy?. New Political Science 32.2 (2010): 173-191. Print. Dilworth, Richardson. The City in American Political Development. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Print. May, Ernest R., Rosecrance, Richard and Zara Steiner. History and Neorealism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate van der Burg, Tsjalle. Keynesianism In Practice: The Case For Government Support For Sustainable Energy Projects. Public Policy Research 17.3 (2010): 141-146.

Monday, October 21, 2019

When DIY Bites You in the Butt

When DIY Bites You in the Butt We are an industrious lot. We want to know how someone did what he did successfully, so we can do it, too . . . or do it better. Or do it ourselves instead of buying the other guys product. Or do it ourselves to save money . . . or to maintain creativity as our own instead of splitting its ownership. Its called DIY, or do-it-yourself, and we cant stand not to try doing it ourselves if it means more benefits for us. I love to bake. I hate recipes that have boxed mixes or tell me to save time As writers, we fight that battle uphill to publish a book. How hard can it be to format that manuscript in Word? How difficult can a cover be? Surely I can learn how to upload books. We read directions, study what others have done, then grit our teeth, determined to do it ourselves. Then invariably, after weve erred, redone and cursed our mistakes, we reach a point where we ask ourselves and our friends: It doesnt look bad for me doing it myself, does it? And right there youve compromised your storys future. Youve cobbled together what others do for a living. Youve decided to settle for less than professional. You think others wont notice, because they havent learned what youve learned, and tried what youve tried. When youve poured your soul into writing, you need to equally pour your soul into its proper publication. You have two choices when doing anything in life: 1) Take the time to become an expert at it, or 2) Hire the expert. Just know that anything in between is settling. When it comes to baking a cake, Ill settle for my Milky Way Cake from scratch. Its meant to be rustic, gooey and not exactly straight around the edges. But when I need a cake for someones 50th anniversary, believe me, Im hiring someone wholl give me the presentation needed to respect the grand auspiciousness of the occasion.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Dont Mix

Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Dont Mix Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Don’t Mix Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Don’t Mix By Mark Nichol The apostrophe has three functions: To help indicate possession (boy’s), to mark contraction (it’s), and to convert a singular letter, number, or initialism to a plural. However, the mark has all but been relieved of duty in its third task. One of the few categories in which apostrophes are still retained for plural usage is when plurals of letters are concerned. In expressing how many times a letter appears in a word, for example, one would write â€Å"There are five e’s in beekeeper†; it would be distracting to write â€Å"There are five es in beekeeper.† This style also applies to the expressions â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s† and â€Å"Dot the i’s and cross the t’s.† (Note, however, that in these idiomatic uses, contrary to the previous example, the letters are not italicized to indicate that they are being employed to refer to themselves.) However, legibility is not a concern when uppercase letters are concerned: No apostrophes are necessary in â€Å"She received three As, two Bs, and one C on her report card.† (Note that names of letter grades are not italicized.) But to avoid confusion, don’t start a sentence with â€Å"As† or â€Å"Is† to refer to more than one uppercase letter; the resemblance to the words As and Is will distract readers. If plurals of both uppercase and lowercase letters are listed in reference to the alphabet, though, be consistent: â€Å"The T’s and r’s in his first signature differ from those in the second one.† Apostrophes are unnecessary when referring to plurals of numbers. For example, the treatment of the number in â€Å"I printed three 5s on a piece of paper† is correct, though when one is referring to any other use of the number than the numeral itself, it is better to spell out the word for the number: â€Å"She gave him change in the form of three fives.† When pluralizing a year, omit the apostrophe: â€Å"They came of age in the 1990s.† Use the mark with numbers only to indicate the possessive case, as in â€Å"Check out this list of 1990’s biggest hits† â€Å"Check out this list of the biggest hits of 1990† would be better or to truncate a designation of a decade, as in â€Å"They came of age in the ’90s.† Until relatively late in the twentieth century, inserting periods after each letter in an initialism was customary (â€Å"F.B.I.†). Because placing a plural s immediately after the final period would be awkward (â€Å"It was as if there were two F.B.I.s†), an apostrophe was customarily inserted before the s (â€Å"It was as if there were two F.B.I.’s†) not an ideal solution, but better than the alternative. However, now that these periods are almost universally considered obsolete (a few publications, most notably the New York Times, are holdouts), the apostrophe is superfluous and considered incorrect: â€Å"It was as if there were two FBIs.† (The Times, for the record, omits periods in acronyms, a series of letters that, unlike initialisms, are pronounced as words.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWriting a Thank You Note